DHANA YA MTANDAO WA KOMPYUTA NA WIGO WAKE KATIKA MSINGI WA INTERNET( MTANDAO UMMA AU HURU ) NA INTRANET( MTANDAO BINAFSI)

MTANDAO WA KOMPYUTA( COMPUTER NETWORK )

           Mtandao wa Kompyuta ni mtandao wa mawasiliano ya  kidigitali ambao unaruhusu kompyuta zilizounganishwa kwenye huo mtandao kupata rasilimali zilizopo kwenye huo mtndao. Rasilimali  huenda zikawa faili la picha au muziki au nyaraka mbalimbali zilizopo  katika moja au zaidi ya Kompuyta zilizopo katika  mtandao huo.
        Katika mtandao wa kompyuta vifaa vya kimtandao vya kompyuta ( vikiwemo Kompyuta, printa, router n.k ) vinabadilishana data ( zikiwemo faili za muziki au video au nyaraka mbalimbali ) kwa kupitia miunganisho ya data( kutumia waya au wi-fi ). Miunganisho ya data huenda ikawa kwa nyaya maalumu za kuunganisha kompyuta kwenye mtandao au itumie mawimbi ya sauti ( wireless mfano; kutumia Wi-Fi ).
      Kompyuta mbili tunasema zimeunganishwa katika mtandao wa kompyuta kama zinaweza badilishana mafaili mbalimbali.

IN ENGLISH....
                         COMPUTER NETWORK
Computer Network is a digital telecommunication which allow computer connected together to share resources available in that network. Resources can be a music files video files a documents etc. In computer network, Network devices( include personal computers, network printer, server etc ) to exchange data using data links by using wire technology ( like Ethernet ) or wireless technology( like WiFi ). Two computer said they are connected together if they can exchange files each other. 

INTERNET( MTANDAO HURU)

                    Internet ni mfumo wa kimataifa wa kuunganisha Kompuyta kwa pamoja. Mtandao huu unatumia viwango vya itifaki vya mtandao huru kutambulisha kompyuta katika mtandao, itifaki hiyo kwa jina la kitaalam inaitwa  IP ( internet protocol ) ukiunganisha kompyuta yako kwenye mtandao wa umma yani internet IP yako inakua yakipee haifanani na mtu mwengine, ili kuitambulisha kompyuta yako kwenye mtandao umma( internet).  

                    IP ni namba zilizo katika mafungu manne mfano ( 41.86.176.15) namba hii imebeba sehemu kompyuta ilipo ( nchi au mkoa ) pia imebeba jina la kompyuta yako.  Kompyuta maalum ziitwazo DNS ( domain name server ); seva inayoifazi majini ya yanayowakilisha IP. Hizi kompyuta maalumu huifazi majina kuwakilisha IP ya kompyuta fulani kwa sababu ni rahisi kukumbuka jina la kompyuta iliyoko kwenye mtandao huru kuliko kukumbuka namba yake ya utambuzi katika mtandao huru/umma. Mfano ukiandika www.google.com hizi kompyuta maalumu hubadilisha hili jina na kuwa  172.217.20.78.  Internet( mtandao huru/umma haumilikiwa na mtu yeyote, kila mtu ana uwezo wa kuunganisha kompyuta yake kwenye mtandao umma.

 IN ENGLISH......                      

                              INTERNET

        Internet is the global system to connect computers together. Internet uses standard interconnected protocol IP( also known as Internet Protocol) to identify each unique computer on the internet. IP is the four group number separate in dot like 41.86.176.15, this number contain the location information and the name of the computer. 

        A special computer called DNS ( Domain name server ) used to  store the names to represent the IP address like on the IP address the domain name is a unique name only one name represent on computer  on a given IP. It make easy to remember a computer or server on the internet instead of type the IP.

        Anyone can connect to the internet, provided has a required device to connect to the internet like modem. Internet its a public network.

INTRANET(MTANDAO BINAFSI)

Intranet ni mfumo wa kuunganisha kompyuta nyingi katika mtandao ambao si mtandao umma kwa mantiki nyingine mtu yeyote huwezi jiunga katika huo mtandao mpaka uwe muhusika. Mfumo huu hutumika katika mashirika makubwa na makampuni ili kuziwezesha kompyuta zao kuwasiliana. Wenye uwezo wa kuunganisha kompyuta zao katika huu mtandao ni wahusika wa ilo shirika tu. Kila kompyuta pia katika mfumo huu wa mtandao binafsi yani intranet hutambulika kwa namba maalumu iitwayo IP kama kwenye mfumo huru/umma. 

IN ENGLISH....
                             INTRANET
Intranet is the system of computer network in which multiple computer connected together. Computer connected on the intranet is not available in the world outside the intranet network in other words its not available for public its the private network. This system used by large organizations like university. Also each computer in this network is identified by the unique IP.

Similarities between Internet and Intranet

1.Intranet uses the internet protocols such as TCP/IP and FTP.
2.Intranet sites are accessible via the web browser in a similar way as websites in the internet.         However, only members of Intranet network can access intranet hosted sites.
3.In Intranet, own instant messengers can be used as similar to yahoo messenger/gtalk over the internet.

Differences between Internet and Intranet

1.Internet is general to PCs all over the world whereas Intranet is specific to few PCs.
2.Internet provides a wider and better access to websites to a large population, whereas Intranet is restricted. 3.Internet is not as safe as Intranet. Intranet can be safely privatized as per the need.